Free Essays on Typical Americans

DIALECT (TYPICAL AMERICANS) Dialects in this novel generate serious amount of emotion for readers who know Chinese culture well. Gish Jen ¡Ã‚ ¦s technique of translating Chinese dialogue with increasing amounts of English language thrown in, helps to put us in Helen and Ralph' minds as they journey between languages, cultures, and ways of thinking. The dialects have gained insight for non-Chinese and acquaintance of Chinese. For instance, in China, a person ¡Ã‚ ¦s character is believed written on face and palms. That is why humans are born with unique appearances and fingerprints. Those experts who read one ¡Ã‚ ¦s character and fate by looking at their hands are called sheng xi. On the other hand, feng shui, literally means wind and water. It is an ancient Chinese study of the natural environment. Feng shui can determine the best or most favorable location for anyone and assist that person to avoid their worst or least desirable location in any environment. Throughout ancient China, classical feng shui was a closely guarded discipline used as a tool to ensure the good health, wealth, and power of the imperial dynasties.  ¡Ã‚ §Ralph and Helen joked about hiring a feng shui expert to determine a propitious day for the grand opening. ¡Ã‚ ¨ (Pg. 237) Only Chinese expression can bring out the ideas of the traditional Chinese knowledge.  ¡Ã‚ §Do you know that saying, about a wife ¡Ã‚ ¦s ankle? Being tied to her husband ¡Ã‚ ¦s? ¡Ã‚ ¨ (pg.65) Helen is talking about an old Chinese myth about  ¡Ã‚ §red strings ¡Ã‚ ¨. Once upon a time, there was an old man called Moon Old living on Moon. Moon Old is one of the gods in Chinese myths. His red strings determine love. By tying his red strings between the ankles of two persons, their destinies become intertwined as well; the effect is that they will be repeatedly meeting each other wherever they may travel. The string will never vanish after the connection is made. Nothi... Free Essays on Typical Americans Free Essays on Typical Americans DIALECT (TYPICAL AMERICANS) Dialects in this novel generate serious amount of emotion for readers who know Chinese culture well. Gish Jen ¡Ã‚ ¦s technique of translating Chinese dialogue with increasing amounts of English language thrown in, helps to put us in Helen and Ralph' minds as they journey between languages, cultures, and ways of thinking. The dialects have gained insight for non-Chinese and acquaintance of Chinese. For instance, in China, a person ¡Ã‚ ¦s character is believed written on face and palms. That is why humans are born with unique appearances and fingerprints. Those experts who read one ¡Ã‚ ¦s character and fate by looking at their hands are called sheng xi. On the other hand, feng shui, literally means wind and water. It is an ancient Chinese study of the natural environment. Feng shui can determine the best or most favorable location for anyone and assist that person to avoid their worst or least desirable location in any environment. Throughout ancient China, classical feng shui was a closely guarded discipline used as a tool to ensure the good health, wealth, and power of the imperial dynasties.  ¡Ã‚ §Ralph and Helen joked about hiring a feng shui expert to determine a propitious day for the grand opening. ¡Ã‚ ¨ (Pg. 237) Only Chinese expression can bring out the ideas of the traditional Chinese knowledge.  ¡Ã‚ §Do you know that saying, about a wife ¡Ã‚ ¦s ankle? Being tied to her husband ¡Ã‚ ¦s? ¡Ã‚ ¨ (pg.65) Helen is talking about an old Chinese myth about  ¡Ã‚ §red strings ¡Ã‚ ¨. Once upon a time, there was an old man called Moon Old living on Moon. Moon Old is one of the gods in Chinese myths. His red strings determine love. By tying his red strings between the ankles of two persons, their destinies become intertwined as well; the effect is that they will be repeatedly meeting each other wherever they may travel. The string will never vanish after the connection is made. Nothi...

A New Use For The Prefix Cis-

A New Use For The Prefix Cis- A New Use For The Prefix Cis- A New Use For The Prefix Cis- By Maeve Maddox Writing about gendered pronouns recently, I mentioned that â€Å"cis female† is a gender choice on Facebook. The prefix cis- derives from a Latin preposition meaning â€Å"on this side of.† Cisalpine Gaul, for example, was the part of Gaul located on the Italian side of the Alps. The part on the far side of the Alps was Transalpine Gaul. More familiar prefixes derived from Latin prepositions are trans, â€Å"across, on the other side† and circum, â€Å"around.† One of their uses is to indicate location, as in this example: Armitage boldly observes, We are all Atlanticists now. Then, he defines three approaches to Atlantic history, which he calls Cis-Atlantic, Trans-Atlantic, and Circum-Atlantic. Circum-Atlantic history is the history of the people who crossed the Atlantic, who lived on its shores and who participated in the communities it made possible.- Review of The British Atlantic World, 1500-1800. Chemists use cis- as a prefix and as a free-standing adjective to designate â€Å"a compound in which two atoms or groups are situated on the same side of some plane of symmetry passing through the compound.† Here are some gender-related terms that are beginning to appear in the media: cisgender cissexual cis man cis woman cissexism cissexual assumption Here are examples of their usage: â€Å"Cissexual assumption†Ã‚  is a phrase coined by Julia Serano for her claim that  cissexual  people assume that all people experience  gender identity  in the same way. It seems that some of this trans woman hatred from cisgender women  is based on a fear that perhaps they are taking something from us. I’m a Cis Girl in Love with a Trans Guy. Cis writers in every media form are jumping on the trans  story  train. Cis- is the logical choice of prefix to denote â€Å"assigned at birth† in contrast with transgender, â€Å"not conforming to birth gender.† Unfortunately, with all such labels, the danger exists that cis may become an abusive epithet. The other evening, I heard the term â€Å"cis male† used in an episode of Blue Bloods. The character, a college girl, referred to another character as â€Å"a cis male.† Her facial expression and tone of voice made it clear that she was not using the term as a neutral designation. Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Spelling category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:How to Punctuate References to Dates and TimesOn Behalf Of vs. In Behalf OfAdvance vs. Advanced

Something related to women experiencing psychosomatic issues, must be Essay

Something related to women experiencing psychosomatic issues, must be focued on women - Essay Example First, common psychological disorders are more common among women. Most women suffer from some disorder, like anxiety or depression. Second, women are more likely to experience the trauma caused by past and present abuse. This leads to a greater incidence of somatic symptoms. Third, there is significant difference in the emotional threshold of men and women. Furthermore, childhood socialization has a substantial effect on the attitude adopted, while reporting sensations. There is a well felt need to conduct further research in this area, in order to assess reporting patterns (Barsky, Peekna, & Borus, 2001). As such, the gender differential in reporting symptoms has to be dealt with by exploring its root causes. A causal relationship between gynecological symptoms and psychological disorders in women was perceived to exist by some gynecologists and psychologists. One gynecologist states that many females exhibited gynecological symptoms, in the absence of any gynecological illness. This phenomenon could be described as a psychological disorder masquerading as a gynecological issue (Gath, et al., 1987, p. 213). In a few studies, gynecological patients were evaluated on the basis of their self-assessment. These studies suggested that nearly 50 % of these women were suffering from psychiatric illness. This is a seemingly very high incidence of psychological disorders. However, these studies do not take into consideration, women who attend other types of medical clinics (Gath, et al., 1987, p. 213). Despite this argument, there is considerable evidence that gynecological morbidity is high in women with psychological disorders. In addition, it was observed that women who had undergone gynecological surgery were more frequently diagnosed with hysteria. Moreover, many women with neurotic disorders had complained of irregular menstrual periods.It has frequently been

Sociological Motivations for Recruitment in Terrorist Groups Essay

Sociological Motivations for Recruitment in Terrorist Groups - Essay Example (Frontline) Hence every country has used different methods to combat and recruit terrorist groups. People, and governments in almost every sphere of life are working to reduce terrorism "security, prevention, and suppression of terrorism, legal and ethnic dilemmas regarding democratic issues, such as the individual's human rights, as well as social and psychological and media related issues" (The Counter Terrorism Puzzle: A Guide For Decision Makers). Even though with increasing steps taken to oppose terrorism many innocent people are joining terrorist groups, thus increasing terrorist activities an example of this can be the increase in suicide bombing. Therefore to diminish terrorism we need to know the reasons because of which a person joins a terrorist group. The reasons or motivations can be divided into two broad categories the psychological reasons and the sociological reasons. In psychological we will discuss the mental health leading to terrorism while in sociological we will evaluate how society, norms, crises result in leading an individual to terrorist groups. Marxists is a sociologist and according to him all violence should not be rejected. "The bourgeois politicians who make such claims, while supporting wars, nuclear weapons, armies, prisons, etc are simply hypocrites". Marxists believe that in certain situations, such as wars of national liberation and mass revolutionary struggle, violence may be unavoidable and is good for the prosperity of the society. "While terrorism, as in planting bombs on government or civilian targets, or hijacking planes, or assassinations by small groups acting independently of class struggle, has always been condemned, been unacceptable and has received negative response".According to Marxist perspective the division of classes is the root cause of terrorism. "Marx believes that the root cause of exploitation, oppression, tyranny and war was not bad individual rulers or bad governments but the division of society into classes, and the ownership and control of production by a minority class that live off th e labor of the majority. According to him killing or frightening even large numbers of individuals, could not achieve any results he thought that to overcome the ruling class we need to start the struggle of a new class which is the bearer of a new economic system". (Socialist review) Durkheims perspective on terrorism suggest that collective conscience is the only way to reduce terrorism according to him the concept of individual values is the root cause of terrorism. "Defined by mile Durkheim as the collective conscience was extensive and strong, ranging far and wide into people's lives, controlling them in detail through various religious or other traditional means of sanction. It emphasized the primacy of society over the individual and his or her dignity. However, the growth of individualism, in Durkheim's view, undermined the collective conscience. Individualism decreased the social responsibility, the concept of sanctions was also undermined giving reduced and more opportunity was given to individuals to get involved in activities that might

Changing patterns in marriage Essay Example for Free

Changing patterns in marriage Essay Using information from the items and elsewhere, examine the reasons for changing patterns of marriage, cohabitation and childbearing in the last 40 years (24 marks) According to the Office for National Statistics, the highest number of couples in 1972 was 480,000 and was due to the baby boom generation of the 1950’s reaching marriageable age and the fact that people chose to marry at a younger age compared to pervious generations. However the annual number of marriages in England and Wales then went into decline and reached an all-time low in 2005 when only 244,710 couples got married. This decline in the total number of marriages has been paralleled by a decline in marriage rates. In 1994, the marriage rate was 11.4 but has decline to 10.3 by 2004. The male rate declined from 36.3 in 1994 to 27.8 in 2004 whilst the female rate declined from 30.6 to 24.6. Fears about what marriage statistics reveal are exaggerated for four reasons: People are delaying marriage rather than rejecting it. Most people will marry at some point in their lives, but people are now marrying later in life, probably after a period of cohabitation. Women may delay marriage because they want to develop their careers and enjoy a period of independence. The BSAS indicates that most people, whether single, divorced or cohabiting, still see marriage as a desirable life-goal. People also generally believe that having children is best done in the context of marriage and few people believe that the freedom associate with living alone is better than being married to someone. Two fifths of all marriages are remarriages. Evidently these people are committed to the institution of marriage despite their previous negative experience of it. Despite the decrease in the overall number of people marrying, married couples are still the main types of partnership for men and women in the UK. Wilkinson notes that female attitudes towards marriage and family life have undergone a radical change or ‘genderquake’. She argues that young females no longer prioritize marriage and children. Educational opportunities and the feminization of the economy have resulted in young women weighing up the costs of marriage and having children against the benefits of a career and economic independence. Therefore the result of this is that many females, particularly middle-class, are postponing marriage and family life until their careers are established. Other feminist sociologists are sceptical about the value of marriage. Smith argues that marriage creates unrealistic expectation  about monogamy and faithfulness in a world characterized by sexual freedom. She argues that at different points in people’s life cycles, people need different things that often can only be gained from a new partner. Campbell, however, suggests that marriage benefits men more than it does women. A constant source of concern to the New Right has been the significant rise in the number of couples cohabiting. The proportion of non-married people cohabiting has risen sharply in the last 20 years from 11% of men and 13% of women in 1986 to 24% and 25% respectively. In 2007, the ONS suggested that cohabiting couples are the fastest growing family type in the UK. Around 2.2 million families are cohabiting couples with or without children. This family type has grown by 65% since 1997. However, New Right commentators claim that cohabitation is less stable than marriage. A report by the Institute for the Study of Civil Society claimed that cohabiting couples were less happy and less fulfilled than married couples, and more likely to be abusive, unfaithful, stressed and depressed. Although surveys indicate that few people see cohabitation as an alternative to marriage, the fact that cohabiting couples are much younger than married couples suggests cohabitation is seen my many participants as a test of compatibility and an introduction to marriage. Other research suggests that cohabitation is a temporary phase lasting on average for about 5 years. Approximately 60% of cohabiting couples eventually marry. Although cohabitation marks a dramatic change in adult living arrangements – as recently as the 1960’s, it was regarded immoral – cohabiting couples with and without children only accounted for 10% of households in 2006. Reasons for increase in divorce rates: Thornes and Collard: women value friendship and emotional gratification more than men do. If the husband fails to live up to these expectations, women may feel the need to look elsewhere. Hart: divorce may be reaction to the frustration that many working wives may feel if they are responsible for the bulk of housework and childcare. Beck and Beck-Gernsheim (1995): rising divorce rates are the product of a rapidly changing world in which traditional rules, rituals and traditions of love, romance and relationships no longer apply. In 1938, 6,000 divorces were granted in the UK. This figure had increased tenfold by 1970, and in 1993, numbers packed at 180,000. By  2000, this figure had fallen to 154,600 although the years 2001-2004 have seen a gradual rise to 167,100. Flouri and Buchanan’s (2002) study of 17,000 children from families that had experienced separation and divorce found that in families, their fathers were still involved in their children so the children were more successful in gaining educational qualifications and continued to seek out educational opportunities in adult life. In conclusion, the reasons for changing patterns of marriage, cohabitation and childbearing in the last 40 years are due to the fact that conjugal roles within marriages have differed and the ability to change marriage beliefs in an instant. Men and women, especially the middle-class, may fear the need to put their careers before starting a family, which therefore causes problems within marriage.

Suicide Essay -- essays research papers

Have you ever known someone who’s committed or tried to commit suicide and thought, â€Å"I wish I would’ve done something, said something, to stop it from happening?† I know I would ask myself that question everyday if I hadn’t. A few years ago, a good friend of mine thought her life was so bad she wanted to end it. I did the only thing I could think, and told the nearest teacher. It may sound so childish or stupid, but it worked. Luckily, she’s still alive and well. I’m here to make sure you can make the difference and help a person who might be, or is suicidal. Just think of what would happen if you didn’t try to help.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  There are many reasons a person may feel suicidal. Isolated stress, traumatic events/experiences are the main causes. People can usually deal with the causes above fairly well, but when these events accumulate over time, our normal coping strategies can be pushed to the limit. The presence of multiple risk factors does not necessarily imply that a person will become suicidal. The following events could contribute to a person feeling suicidal: Death of a loved one; loss of a valued relationship; loss of employment, physical, emotional, sexual, social abuse. These are a few events that may cause a person to fell like they want to end their life. Suicide is usually a cry for help. The attemptor is looking for someone to help them, because they fell there is nothing they can do to help themselves. A person attempting suicide is often s...

Bei Dao’s Poem ‘An End or a Beginning’ Essay

Bei Dao’s Poem ‘An End or a Beginning’ depicts the endless protestors ‘murdered’ by the cruelty of the Cultural Revolution and the continuity of life in search of hope after many lives taken away. The loss of hope looked for â€Å"In every dream† after every day, reinforces the everlastingly hunt of freedom and end of the Cultural Revolution even though it feels just out of grasp and the sacrifice to get there is unavoidable. The setting of the poem in nature where the â€Å"trees†, â€Å"clouds† and â€Å"stars† are, connotes the freedom of the outdoors with no restrictions contrasting with the people living under the unnatural aggression of the Cultural Revolution. The destruction of the people’s freedom is shown in stanza one where someone protests like â€Å"the sun rises† and â€Å"A heavy shadow, like a road Shall run across the land† will destroy the pureness of one’s courage. The sun is like a person’s boldness to ‘stand’ against the Cultural Revolution like the nature of the sun rising and the ‘heavy shadow’ looming over the sun darkens the atmosphere covering all hope and demolishes it like how nature is corrupted by roads built for the selfishness of man. The repeated anticipation of hope can be seen even after the brutality of oppression by the revolution. The persona’s personal response can be seen in stanza five to emphasize the search for the hope of new beginning. The repetition of ‘I look for’ portray the things dreamed for all of which are beautiful images of nature which connote freedom and places of no boundaries. Contrasting this ideal illustration, the actual land with â€Å"A heavy shadow†, â€Å"A sorrowing mist† covered with â€Å"wretched cigarette stubs† all convey negative images of a worn area. The structure of the poem follows similar lines in each stanza except stanza 4 where the word â€Å"towmen† is on its own near the middle of the paragraph. The diction â€Å"towmen† used all alone in one line emphasizes how people are pulled and manipulated by the communists who control the Cultural Revolution. The Yellow River mentioned before the â€Å"towmen† shows how much impact the communists has had as the Yellow River is a very important river in China. By asking if â€Å"even the ropes of the Yellow River† can be controlled is like questioning how the manipulators could be so powerful. As the Poem comes to the end, the stanzas very slightly diminishes to allow the reader feel a less abrupt ending which relates to the sadness of a dying end. Death throughout the poem is constantly mentioned to illustrate its recurrence. Diction such as â€Å"murdered†, â€Å"gone†, â€Å"forever† all convey the permanent lost of lives which cannot be stopped but only replaced and repeated due to the unforgiving violence of the Revolution. The hope of renewing the land can be seen in stanza six where Dao explains how â€Å"fresh blood† needs to be shed in order to help rebuild the land and create new life and hope â€Å"on tomorrow’s branches†. Branches, relating to trees display an image of life and growth which provide â€Å"The ripened fruit† which would mean the country being able to feed and look after itself because of the lives killed to make the land â€Å"fertile† and grow. Repetition is used a lot in the poem. The repetition of ‘Here I stand Replacing another, who has been murdered† represent all the protestors who stood up against the Revolution, died and then replaced and killed again. This is used to exemplify the problem which gives people â€Å"no other choice† but to keep doing it because there is no other way out and hope which is only â€Å"Stars† which â€Å"glimmer in the wind†. Wind being a powerful source contrasts with the small glimmering stars which connote hope emphasize how there is little chance of survival. ‘An End or a Beginning’ uses the strong image of nature to represent the freedom of which is natural with the dark gloomy illustrations of â€Å"clouds†, â€Å"mists† and â€Å"wind† to convey the dark disasters of the Cultural revolution causing devastation and â€Å"growing forests of gravestones† ending lives where hope is already slim increasing loss.

Amul Project

oAmul a brand of success has managed to create a distinct and concrete image in the mind of the consumer. It’s all happens due to sincere, hard work and team effort or amul society, amul was formed in the year 1946 in the form of society by the visionary Dr . kurien with a noble purpose to uplift the village farmers to sustainable position by bringing them into the net of the society. Starting with a few liters of milk per day to millions and millions liters per day indicates the success of the society. t in turn fetches good return to update the village farmers. They comply with strict quality standardization norms and efficient distribution system and also they update themselves as per the changing time. Through forward integration they started producing different milk product which are highly quality product as compared to their competitors despite being a rural organization they did not discount the importance of advertising they advertise heavily through different medias. the punch line the taste of India paused amul as zenith level of popularity.Through amul is the market leader in the category they should not Discount the importance of technology and diversification. Globalization put a major challenge before Amul because number of Competitor’s with their strong R & D technology are entering into India. Therefore, in order to retain its brand image and market share amul has to think strongly in the line of expansion in the form of capacity as well as market i. e. , making Amul a global company. They can capitalize the brand image of Amul by the process of diversification. They can diversify amul in the areas like Agro foods, Pharma etc..

Literature Review on IT architecture Essays

Literature Review on IT architecture Essays Literature Review on IT architecture Essay Literature Review on IT architecture Essay Literature Review Abstract The research is all about the use of information system in the organizations. There are many tools which are helpful in managing the whole organization. The business environment is getting highly competitive and many organizations are making strategies to grab the market share. A company was selected in order to understand the scenario. A conceptual frames work was developed in the mind to present the problem. The IBM organization was selected to conduct the research. Literature review presents the important theories and concepts along with the importance of the information system in organization. The introduction of the research was done by analyzing the problem which organization face because of the information. Literature suggested many systems which can improve the processes of the organizations. There are many other systems which can increase the performance infrastructure of service quality. The literature was extracted from different articles which improved the report. The report has many suggestions for the organizations. The study of this report can give solution to many problems which the company faced in the current scenario. The comparison was done in the later part of the report and the scenario ND literature was matched in order to find loopholes in the system and to provide solution to incapability. Table of Contents Introduction 4 Literature Analysis 4 Current practice section 7 Comparison of Literature and current practice 10 Conclusion 11 References Literature 12 References Current Practice 12 Introduction Enterprise architecture is the process in which operation and structure of an organization is defined. The intention in the process is to achieve future and current applications perspective, information perspective and technology perspective is part of the future objectives a company is likely to foresee. The use of enterprise architecture includes properly documented processes, systems, infrastructure and applications. This assignment briefly discusses various theories of enterprise architecture particularly at the strategic level and thus explains the theory with a practical example which further glorifies the literature review. Literature Analysis The evolution of the enterprise information system and management is the core responsibility of the Chief Information Officer (CIO) of the company. The CIO information processing and decision making is aided by the technique or process known as Enterprise Architecture. A model based planning and management approach to evaluate management wise information system is called enterprise architecture. The complexity of business supporting system and its significance has been addressed in this enterprise architectural approach. The planning and problem information system is under the responsibility of the Chief Information Officer (CIO). Thus, it can be rightly stated that enterprise architecture is the best way to aid decision making of CIO (Stated et al. AAA). According to Eriksson and Pinker (2000), the importance of a good modeling framework should be emphasized in the organization but the reason of choosing one model over the other is ambiguous. As a basic question, the model should be able to answer the questions pertaining to the reasons it is designed for. The enterprise architecture is successful in answering the question. The dilemma is to explore the probable questions the model is able to answer. In the enterprise architecture model it is possible to come across the questions of why and how of using the framework or model. In order to mitigate the risk involved, organizations can simply produce more than one model to select the most adequate one. Analysis of the enterprise architectures The decision making as followed by CIO can help in studying the architectural analysis model. The first step is to formulate scenario, the need to recognize the options available to the CIO is the foremost step in order to foresee the information system of an organization. The possible future states of the company can be conjured by performing this step. The next step is to determine the criteria to decide upon; in this step criteria allow CIO to set a benchmark to evaluate different models. One of the important questions needed in setting the criteria are to find out business purport, IT security and availability. In this paper, architectural theory or criteria is used to evaluate the model. After setting the criteria the next step is to analyze scenario, in which case one of the criteria is selected to evaluate both models and then so on and so forth. Stated et al. (AAA) explain that next, the firm undertakes the selection of the scenario where process selection of the model takes place on the basis of the chosen criteria and the support offer to the decision making of CIO. Stated et al. (AAA) further elaborates stating that the birth of the enterprise architecture took place twenty years ago and designed to address two problems poor business alignment and system complexity. In poor business alignment the problem of IT system to align it with the cost is addressed. Kanji, H. And Burners, P. (2011) add that in system complexity entails the need to develop IT systems. The basic idea is to serve the organization with less cost involved but providing more value and cost of these IT systems implemented in the organization have dramatically emphasized by now globally whereas the real value derived from the systems have decreased. Kanji, H. And Burners, P. 011) stresses that the giant organizations fail to ignore such problems therefore the field of enterprise architecture is powerfully prophetic in the world today. Some methodologies of enterprise architecture are widely used in the world today however the large field makes use of mainly four methodologies. According to Kanji and Burners (201 1), the taxonomy is given another name to the work of Coachman and is termed as the first methodology of the Enterprise architecture (EAI). Another methodology known as t he Open Group Architectural Framework (TOGA) is more precisely or accurately defined as the process. The Federal Enterprise Architecture is defined as a method of creating enterprise architecture and thus also known as proscriptive methodology. The practice of architectural enterprise is known as the Gardner methodology. As articulated by Coachman (1982), the Canaan framework for enterprise is recognized as a framework which is contrary to the definition of the framework. The framework is defined as something that serves as a skeleton structure for construction. The second name given to the approach of Coachman is taxonomy and by definition it is a classification in ordered systems of organisms to give a natural relationship. The Coachman framework is in simple ways taxonomy and organizing of architectural artifacts for instance models, documents and specifications. According to Coachman (1982), the enterprise manufacturing and engineering is around for more than thousand years and will remain for longer. However Kanji and Burners (2011) stress that the understanding of the process is changed with respect to time. The Canaan is the most frequently used technique in large firms due to ease of application and best responses. It is also desirable to cater for necessary complexities of the system design while Enterprise Architecture. Kanji and Burners (2011) also support the Open Group Architecture Framework (GOFF) which is which primarily used within four categories namely business architecture, application architecture, data architecture and technical architecture. The business process to meet the desired goals is described in the business architecture. The designing of the application and their probable interaction is studied under application architecture. The access and organizing of the data store is termed under data architecture. Finally technical structure talks about the hardware and software o cater for application and access (Stated et al. , 2004). Kanji and Burners (2011) also explain the Federal Enterprise Architecture (FEE) which is done to amalgamate ubiquitous and functions under enterprise architecture. But Mess (2007) contends stating that this new methodology apparently is in the infancy stage so no noticeable work can be seen in the organization and there is not much talk about its failure. The last methodology employed in the Enterprise architecture (EAI) is Gardner. It is the practice rather than a process of an IT and research consulting organization Gardner. Literature Analysis summary The Enterprise Architecture is more of a theory than any thing practical. Above some methodologies are stated that shows different approaches to the EAI and can be difference in opinion or difference in practice. These four approaches may be used by Giant Corporations to address different engineering, business and manufacturing issues. The large corporations are entitled to use complex systems which necessitate such EAI methodologies. Current practice section The implementation of the architectural enterprise is not resulted from designing the software or relating it with different business units. The organization itself along with recesses affected must be changed sometimes in order to show flexibility and competency in the business functions. IBM has used EAI model in the multi-brand enterprise and multi divisional enterprise. The purpose of this model is to enhance the debate and sharing among the top executives within organization. It is also designed to reach at a common goal by ignoring most of the differences and reaching to the potential outcome. The global system practices are avoided by the corporations if the intended outcome is local profit and loss only. In multi-local enterprises where PL are regarded as the parameters to measure performance and hat other performance measure are nonexistent. In this way two avenues left open for such kind of EAI. The first that change in the incentive system is needed to address the issue. In this way enterprise sharing of resource or enterprise integration can be enhanced which was much needed at MOM. The EAI system as employed in the IBM is based on four constituent I. . Shared identity and purpose, common bonds of performance, shared knowledge and shared infrastructure. These elements when used together can help in integrating the organization with its functions (Gravesend, 2012). Figure 1 . Four factors necessary for integrating the organization Source: Adapted from Shoal S. And Grafton L. Integrating the Enterprise. MIT Sloan Management Review, Fall 2002, and Well P. , Suburbans M . , and Broadband M. IT Infrastructure for Strategic Agility. MIT Center for Information Systems Research Working Paper No. 29, April 2002 The CIO organization or IBM business transmission integrates all the business units across geographies and transform strategic business priorities into initiatives of transformation. The company is entitled for maintaining IT Landscape as per the strategic roadman provided. According to Gravesend (2012), any organization does require strategic planning. It provides them the leverage to enhance their capabilities and gives them a direction. There are many aspects of planning which collectively make a strategic plan. Strategic planning helps keep focus on the area that is most responsible for boosting the profit levels and overall performance of organization. Since it leads organization to be focused it automatically makes organization polish its skills that are more required in running the business in an efficient and effective way. Innovation and new offerings are always very important for any company to increase its sales. Variety in new products new product because most of the times poorly executed new offering perform poorly and they end up in big losses. The basic need to implement EAI in the organization focused on the provision of the information and successful strategies in order to feed in the data before hand. This information should be sufficient enough for both stakeholders I. E. Team designing the software as well the top managers making use of the information stored. In order to address loop holes in the system, a best- practice approach must be used in the system. The imposed system should be open to any kind of re purposing and time should be saved by doing re purposing instead of re-inventing. Secondly, it is desirable that system provides future state of the IT landscape along with existing risk and cost analysis. One way of getting growth is to take full advantage of learning curve and utilizing economies of scale. Learning curve makes you more efficient in your production process. It tells you how to fully utilize your resources. Economies of scales help in reduction of average cost because of factors like managerial specialization and buying power. Strategic implementation is an ongoing process of an organizations plans which they made in order to survive and to earn profit for a longer period of time. It consists of series of action plans which are integrated to each other. Strategic implementation of the plans which were proposed for the extension and growth are very vital. The long term strategy can help them create a loyal customer and to get more profitable branches which can earn profit for at least five years. The implementation of EAI is found successful in the organization and supports the business functions across geographies. The Enterprise architecture used in the IBM is supported by Coachman methodology. His model is based on the integration of the organization which is clearly addressed in this section (lb, 2013). Comparison of Literature and current practice Literature has enlightened many aspects of the information which can help any organization to prosper. The problem which they are facing is that they do not use any information system which integrates the employees. They are lacking in the internal information. According to literature there are many tools which will help the organization to increase their productivity. Software like management information system, decision support system and others can help to improve the information flow within the organization. The current situation is that they are losing customers because of the service delivery time. Information system will align all the departments and will provide the information about the customer which will increase the overall flow of information. Literature suggests that internal and external flow of information is very important for all the organization. Stakeholders must be contacted in decision making process. Decision support system integrates all the takeovers and provides the best possible solution to any business scenario. Internal information with the organization must be improved and transaction processing system will be helpful to record all the business transactions. It was found in literature that information and feedback from employees and customer is very important and many organizations lose their customers because of this issue. Conclusion The report provides many aspects and after analyzing the literature and the other aspect it was found that companies must include information system in their system. Organization. They are the pillar of organization and help to build the reputation of any organization. Organizations must contact different stakeholders and must take their views about the problems they are facing. The other dimensions which were found that management information system, decision support system and other systems are enhancing the capabilities of the organization. In service industry, the most important part is service delivery and these information systems are contributing to increase the performance. Internal and external sources of information are found very important for the organizations and they help to analyze he need of customer.

10 Tips on How to Make an Author Website (+ Bonus Checklist)

10 Tips on How to Make an Author Website (+ Bonus Checklist) 10 Tips on How to Make an Author Website (+ Bonus Checklist) In today’s competitive book market, making an author website that helps you sell more books and build your profile requires more than just a Blogspot page and a domain with your name in it. In this article, we’ve worked with experienced Reedsy web designers to whittle down ten top tips that will help you build the perfect author website.The first five tips are things that your site needs: pieces of advice that you cannot afford to ignore.Once you take those on board, we have five more tips that will make your site stand out from the crowd, helping you achieve your goals which are, if you’ve already forgotten, to sell more books and build your profile. And to finish up, we have a free checklist that you can download to make sure that your own website is up to scratch.Ready?How to Make an Author  Website 101: Five Essential Tips1. Make it easy for visitors to buy your bookâ€Å"I see so many author websites forget one of the most crucial elements: purchase links to major retailers,† says Jeremiah Tolbert, a designer who creates sites for bestselling authors like Michael Connolly. â€Å"Ostensibly, one of the driving goals behind an author website is to help sell your books, so not presenting purchase links to the major retailers in a structured, well-ordered way is costing you sales.†Liam Fitzgerald agrees. He’s a professional designer whose portfolio includes sites for Anthony Horowitz, Eoin Colfer, and Darren Shan.   He adds the caveat that you need not link to every retailer under the sun.â€Å"You should have a maximum of three retailers and allow the reader to choose the format at point of purchase. If you provide too many options, this could easily result in buyer paralysis and non-sale.†One clever hack to consider is the Universal Link from Books2Read. It’s a great (and, importantly, free) tool that directs readers to your book’s page on their preferred retailer with just a single link.2. T ell people who you are and where to find you Recommended resources:11 Author Websites That Get it Right: a post analyzing 11  famous author websites to offer some invaluable takeaways.Author Website Design Inspiration: more advice on author websites, looking at how they can turn your readers into lifetime fans.What are your favorite author websites out there? What other tips would you add to this list? Let us know your thoughts in the comments below!

In past centuries work was often despised. why Assignment

In past centuries work was often despised. why - Assignment Example This theory has been explained by Douglas McGregor and is known as the theory X. This theory was published in 1960 in his book. According to this theory, all the employees are lazy, lethargic and sluggish. They do not have any ambition. They are not willing to work late hours and will never give a good output until they are severely treated. Or in the other case the mangers should make some sort of an agreement with them that if they complete a certain task they will be given so and so reward. The employer is believed to have no interest in the organizational goals and avoids doing work. He is selfish and self-centered, and is not willing to take responsibilities and take initiatives. The sole purpose of his doing the job is for money and getting security (Clark, 1995). These were the assumptions of the mangers, not the actual behavior. If theory X is considered we can see that it is based on extremism that is getting the job done either by implicit threats, and tight controls or be lenient and listen to the employee. Both of these approaches will result in low productivity and low output, for the former case the employers will deliberately produce lower outputs, and for the latter the demands of the employers will never end resulting in an ever decreasing work output. Therefore both of the approaches failed to increase efficiency and a new theory was introduced- theory Y (Chapman, 2010). This theory is quiet an optimistic one. According to this theory the managers assume that all the employers are lively, keen and interested in doing the work. They are ready to take responsibility of different works and are ready to take initiatives. They are interested in the progress of the organization. The people will complete tasks on their own without having any strict supervision and control because the employers are self-motivated and have made the goals of the company their motives and will

Management Roles Paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Management Roles Paper - Essay Example Management roles, as presented by Henry Mintzberg (1980), are the most popular, compact set of managerial roles about managerial behavior, interpersonal relationships, and decision-making. These are ten management roles in total, comprised by 3 categories: Leader role. Under this role, the manager is expected to lead and supervise teams, motivate the subordinates, and train the employees. He gives them feedback about their performances, and makes constructive criticisms. Disturbance handler role. Under this role, the manager resolves conflicts among employees, arranges for mediators if necessary, and seeks to achieve the best solution to employees’ problems. He makes the employees adapt to changes and deal with crisis efficiently. Summing it up together, management roles are a diverse set of responsibilities that managers are expected to carry out. If they carry out these roles effectively, they become efficient managers that everyone at the workplace looks forward to. Each role is unique, with its demands and expectations. Henry Mintzberg has provided us with above mentioned management roles, which also serve as a guideline for all managers, and help us understand their importance and authority in the